Capitalism, which proceeds on the basis of the struggle of opposing tendencies, exhibits an uneven and combined development. This mode of production proceeds at different rates of development in enterprises, sectors and countries, and this unevenness is the motive force for the expansion and spread of capitalist markets. Every “national” capitalism sooner or later has to turn to the world market, and the tendency towards integration brings countries into relations of economic interdependence. Despite the distorted processes of development and the problems it creates, the law of uneven and combined development has functioned as a stimulating factor for the progress of the productive forces under capitalism.

It is clear that the analysis of the bourgeois state and its different forms is of central importance in Marxist theory. Based on the problems in this field, Marxist circles have over the years conducted debates and took different approaches. The differences in analyses on the extraordinary forms of rule of the bourgeois order create the need for a renewed focus on problems of Bonapartism and fascism, which are of great importance for the struggle of the working class today. The Bonapartist formation of the bourgeois state is not only a historical phenomenon that belongs to the past. Bonapartism is an important reality and a subject of discussion that is an extension of our recent history. In the same way, fascism, as the cruel attack of the capitalist order that once drenched the world in blood and inflicted so much suffering on the working class and toiling masses, is not buried in the pages of history books. Fascism is the counter-revolutionary form that the bourgeois state takes when it faces the threat of revolution in the age of imperialism.

Israel’s bombardment of Gaza, massacre of thousands of Palestinians, and the intensification of its attacks following Hamas’ rocket attacks are being protested in many countries with demonstrations attended by hundreds of thousands of people. Despite the bans ordered by the governments that support Israel, 300 thousand people attended the rally organized in London on October 21, calling for an end to the war and a helping hand to the Palestinian people. This was the largest anti-war rally since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. On October 22, 15 thousand people came together in Paris with the same demands. Tens of thousands of people gathered and marched in many cities in the USA in solidarity with the Palestinian people. Large rallies attended by hundreds of thousands were held in Western countries such as Germany, Canada and Spain, as well as in countries such as Pakistan, Algeria, Morocco and Jordan.

The form of establishment of the bourgeois order in Turkey has completely different characteristics than the development process of the bourgeois order in the Western European countries, where the classic examples of bourgeois revolutions are seen. In France, for instance, bourgeois development began yet in the feudal society, and the rising bourgeoisie, on the basis of private property, established its order by carrying out its own revolution in the following years. However, the historical development line of the Ottoman Empire, that the Republic of Turkey emerged out of, does not resemble that of France.

Although capitalist development gradually created a single world market, this mode of production initially emerged only in a region with certain conditions, the West, where feudalism flourished. It is well known that human history does not have a uniform line of progress. While the feudal mode of production prevailed in the West, the Asian mode of production prevailed in the East. This mode of production, in which there was no private ownership of land, created vast and powerful despotic empires. Unlike the development in the West, these empires lacked the ability to undergo a capitalist transformation through their own internal dynamics.

We know that the world capitalist system, which moves through cycles of crises, tries to overcome big crises with wars, repression and reactionary regimes that mean incredible suffering for the masses. But we must add that the convulsive periods in world history have also been the womb of revolutions...

The current conditions of imperialist war have linked the fate of the Palestinian people and the working classes of the Middle East more than ever before. This makes it necessary for the labourers of the region to wage a common struggle against capitalism. It is impossible to move forward without the participation of the Palestinian people as well as the Israeli workers and labourers in this struggle. Peace and freedom, which are the greatest aspirations of both peoples and the peoples of the whole region, can only be possible through such a struggle.

We often emphasise that today's world is a world of crises and wars. But it is also a world of revolts and revolutions. As the history of the modern world shows, such deep crises and large-scale wars are also the seedbeds of revolts and revolutions. A host of mass struggles and revolts since the beginning of 2000s has already shown clues of this. Taking advantage of the pandemic, the rulers created an atmosphere of fear, which is now beginning to dissipate. The painful consequences of the war are being felt by more and more people on a world scale.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, capitalist system has been increasingly marked by crises and wars. As the system fails to solve its economic and political crises, authoritarianism and wars become more and more widespread on a worldwide scale. The apparatuses of the bourgeois order spread various lies aimed at manipulating the masses, but to no avail. For, in this capitalist world, which flounders in a severe historic crisis and strives to overcome it through a Third World War, the facts speak for themselves! In its effort to proceed in the light of revolutionary Marxism, Marksist Tutum has long pointed out to burning realities of the capitalist world.